Quito,
the capital of Ecuador, is nestled in an Andean valley at an elevation of 9000 feet. The city is literally surrounded by volcanoes -- some of these, like Mt. Pichincha, very much active. Quito is considered to be one of the most beautiful capitals in the
world. The historic center of Quito, known as the "Old City" is replete with narrow and winding cobblestone streets, magnificent
churches and open squares. The buildings that line the streets
reflect Spanish colonial influence with their balconies, red-tile roofs,
thick columns and central patios. The importance of the colonial remnants
found in the Old City prompted UNESCO (United
Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization) to
declare Quito a Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 1979.
Old Town
The Old City of Quito lies over the
ruins of the pre-Incan city of Kitu, principle city of the Shyris
(12th Century). Kitu was later replaced by the capital of Atahualpa's
Incan empire
(16th century).
The city was razed by the Incan general Rumiñahui
as a measure of resistance against the conquering Spanish. The city was founded
as San Francisco de Quito on December 6th, 1534 by the Spanish conquistadors.
Historic Quito is the oldest
and best preserved colonial sector in South America. The famous Escuela
de Arte de Quito flourished in the old city and is well known for
its unique baroque style. This style is reflected in the rich and
profuse decorations of the interiors of many of the Quito's churches.
These European influences were combined with the inspiration of indigenous
art to create a unique Quiteño style. For its artwork, Quito
has been termed the "Florence of America."
The Metropolitan Cathedral, located in front of the Plaza of Independence,
is one of the most important historical and architectural constructions
in the center. Also important are the San Francisco church, the Compañía
of Jesus, San Agustín, Santo Domingo, El Sagrario, La Merced,
Carmen Bajo, San Sebastián, Santa Bárbara and San Blas.
The Museum of the Banco Central, the San Francisco
Museum, the Museum of the City, the Metropolitan Cultural Center,
the Guayasamín Foundation and the Chapel of Man are only some
of the more visited sites for their artwork.
In Quito's historic center there are an ever increasing
number of first class hotels, fine restaurants, cafes, theaters (Teatro Sucre and Teatro Bolivar) and
nightspots reflecting the areas importance to Quito's social and economic
life.
